Department of Economics
https://hdl.handle.net/10680/1712
2024-03-18T17:06:54ZPrior Host-Country Work Experience and Immigrant Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from Canada
https://hdl.handle.net/10680/1900
Prior Host-Country Work Experience and Immigrant Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from Canada
Pandey, Manish; Townsend, James
Recent changes to immigration selection policies favor skilled workers with prior work experience in the immigrant host country. Using unique administrative tax data for Canada, we estimate earnings equations to quantify the difference in earnings of immigrants with prior Canadian experience (prefilers) and those without prior experience (non-prefilers). We find that, relative to non-prefilers, entry earnings are higher for prefilers and, for male immigrants, this earnings advantage persists for at least 20 years after arrival. We show that the primary source of the higher entry earnings of prefilers is a higher return to foreign experience. In addition, the prefiler earnings advantage is largest for university graduates and the return to foreign experience is higher for prefilers from Western countries than those from the rest of the world. Our findings suggest that a move towards an immigrant selection system which uses previous host-country work experience as a criterion will improve the labor market performance of immigrants.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZThe Impact of Imports and Exports on the Size and Composition of Government Expenditures
https://hdl.handle.net/10680/1899
The Impact of Imports and Exports on the Size and Composition of Government Expenditures
Benarroch, Michael; Pandey, Manish
This paper examines the casual relationship between greater exposure to international trade and the size and composition of government expenditures, productive versus unproductive. To capture differential impacts on how government responds to greater international exposure three measures are used: the ratio of exports plus imports to GDP (openness), the ratio of exports to GDP, and the ratio imports to GDP. For all countries in aggregate, we find no causal relationship between openness and total government expenditures or productive and unproductive expenditures. For low-income countries however, there is a positive causal relationship between openness and productive government expenditures. Further, there is a positive causal relationship between the import ratio and productive expenditures for all countries as well as for low- and high-income countries separately. Exports, conversely, have no causal relationship with any measure of government expenditures. Our findings suggest that governments in economies with greater imports as a share of GDP increase productive expenditure to counteract the negative consequences from more exposure to foreign competition.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZReconciliation, resilience and resistance in Inuit teachers' professional development and practices
https://hdl.handle.net/10680/1711
Reconciliation, resilience and resistance in Inuit teachers' professional development and practices
Snow, Kathy; Tulloch, Shelly; Ochalski, Heather; O’Gorman, Melanie
In February 2017, 26 Inuit educators gathered in Nain, Nunatsiavut for the Inuit Education Forum. Teachers from each of the four Inuit regions in Canada were invited to share their experiences on education in Inuit Nunangat with the goal of identifying barriers and promising practices occurring within their communities. One of the key themes arising from these conversations was the ongoing need for Inuit teacher support and development in schools. Training and retaining Inuit teachers is problematic in Canada, while research tells us that both of these factors are key to student success. Some key challenges impacting resilience for teachers identified by the Inuit Education Forum participants were: organization of learning and leadership, prioritization of Inuit language and culture in schools, and negotiations of teachers’ isolation and autonomy. These challenges and the solutions offered by participants are discussed in the Canadian historical context implications for teacher training and professional development in Inuit Nunangat are highlighted.
2018-08-11T00:00:00Z