This study reports on results from a mystery shopping method that was designed to see how lowincome people were treated by banks in a simple shopping event. Banks that were shopped include mainstream and fringe banks. ...

Financial exclusion is a matter of growing concern in Canada considering the decline in the number of mainstream bank branches in some inner-cities and the concurrent rise in the number of fringe banks. This study reports ...

This report documents research undertaken... to examine the rise of fringe financial services in Winnipeg's North End. Fringe financial services include a variety of financial services such as loans and cheque-cashing that ...

The purpose of this report is to examine what Canadian banks say they are doing to address financial exclusion by identifying what banks understand about its causes, consequences, and solutions. Relevant bank-related ...